Medieval

Renaissance

Baroque

Major Social, Cultural, Historical Events

– Began with the fall of West Roman Empire

– Crusades / Hundred Years' War / The Black Death

– Period of developing cultural growth, establishing Catholic churches, towns, and founding universities

– Music became more important on a social level

– Gothic Period (1100-1400):

– Scholasticism : way of systematically analyzing every aspect of intellectual and religious life within set of rules

– Through scholasticism, music and art became more formulated

– Artists and composers unable to freely express their creativity

– Social period where people started taking interest in learning ancient times (beauty of Ancient Greece and Rome)

– Humanism: intellectual movement focused on human life and its accomplishments

– Aristocrats and upper classes considered music important hobby to keep Renaissance ideal of 'universal man'

– Period where Printing Press was invented

– Monarchs had full and complete power during this era – Age of Absolution

– Telescope was invented during this period – Balls, banquets, ballets, operas, and plays were thrown by kings and princes to proclaim their greatness

– Scientific advances led to new inventions

– Medicine, mining, navigation, and industry improved gradually

Major Genres of Vocal Music, Purpose, and Type of Texture of the Genres

– Gregorian Chant (Plain Chant) was stepping stone where Western music began to take off

– Organum

– Mass

– Motet

– Secular Vocal Music:

1. Fresh Secular Songs

– Chanso

– Sirventes

– Planh

– Pastourelle

– Chanson de toile

– Chanson de geste

2. German Secular Songs

– Minnelied

– –

– Meistergesang

– Secular music became more prominent

– First use of Bass Register – Sacred Music: 1. Motet 2. Mass 3. Chorale

– Unity of Mood

– Rhythm – Melody and use of Ornaments

– Dynamics

– Textures

– Tonality

– Development of instrumental music and its expansion

Major Genres of Instrumental Music, Purpose, and Type of Texture of the Genres

– A. Strings :

1. Vielle

2. Psaltery

3. Gittern

– B. Wind :

1. Transverse Flute

2. Recorder

3. Pan Flute

4. Gemshorn

5. Bagpipes

– C. Brass :

1. Shawm

2. Sackbut or Trombone

3. Trumpet (without valves)

– D. Keyboard :

1. Organ

– Lute was the most prominent instrument of this era

– Secular Music:

1. Chanson

2. Madrigal (Word Painting)

– Melodic Lines move in a flowing manner is the quality of movement of a melody including nearness or farness of notes and is used to distinguish the melody from the verses and captivate the audience

– Use of Special Bass Line:

– Ground Bass

– Basso Continuo

– Figured Bass

Names of People or Composers whom You Need to Remember.

(List Names ONLY)

– Pope Gregory I

– Hildegard of Bingen

– Guillaume de Machaut

– Josquin Des Prez

– Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina

– Johannes Gutenberg – Carlo Gesualdo

– Alessandro Scarlatti

– Johann Froberger – Antonio Vivaldi

– George Frideric Handel

– Johann Sebastian Bach

– Galileo Galilei

– Isaac Newton